Cough and sore throat are among the most common reasons for pharmacy visits, particularly in autumn and winter. While most are viral in origin and self-limiting, choosing the right OTC treatment can meaningfully reduce discomfort and speed recovery.

Types of Cough

Dry/irritating cough — no mucus, often tickling sensation at the back of the throat. Common in early viral infections, post-nasal drip, and after respiratory infections (“post-viral cough”). Suppressants are appropriate. Chesty/productive cough — produces mucus (sputum). Expectorants are more appropriate. Suppressants are counterproductive for chesty coughs — you want to clear the mucus. Chronic cough (lasting >8 weeks) — may indicate asthma, GORD (acid reflux), post-nasal drip, or medication side effect (ACE inhibitors). Needs medical assessment.

OTC Cough Medicines

Dextromethorphan (DM) — a cough suppressant for dry cough. Found in many combination cold products. Not suitable for children under 12 without medical advice. Pholcodine — a mild opioid-related cough suppressant. Available in various linctus preparations. Guaifenesin (expectorant) — loosens mucus, theoretically making productive coughs more effective. Evidence is limited, but widely used. Simple linctus — glycerin, lemon and honey base. Soothing; limited pharmacological effect but palatable and safe for all ages. Honey — the most evidence-backed soothing agent for cough and sore throat, including in children over 12 months. Two teaspoons can be as effective as OTC cough syrup for nighttime cough in some studies.

Sore Throat Treatment

Most sore throats (80%+) are viral and don’t respond to antibiotics. Systemic pain relief: paracetamol 1000mg or ibuprofen 400mg every 6–8 hours. Topical treatments: Flurbiprofen lozenges (Strefen) — an NSAID lozenge; probably the most effective OTC sore throat treatment, with good evidence for pain reduction. Benzydamine (Difflam) mouthwash or spray — local anaesthetic and anti-inflammatory; provides 2–3 hours of good relief. Antiseptic lozenges (Strepsils, TCP) — widely used; modest evidence for some benefit.

When to See a GP

Sore throat with: very high fever (38.5°C+), white patches on tonsils, difficulty swallowing or opening mouth (possible quinsy), swollen lymph nodes in neck. Cough with: blood in sputum, persistent breathlessness, symptoms lasting >3 weeks without improvement, unintentional weight loss. Children under 2 with cough and difficulty breathing — urgent medical assessment.

Shop Cough Medicines and Sore Throat Treatments at Chemist 2 Customer. Related: Cold & Flu Guide.