Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the UK, with rates increasing year-on-year. Sun protection is the single most important preventive measure — and the UK sun is more than capable of causing damage, particularly in summer. Here’s what you need to know.

Understanding UV Radiation

UVB rays (wavelength 280–315nm) cause sunburn, DNA damage and are the primary driver of skin cancer. They’re blocked by glass and are strongest in summer between 11am–3pm. UVA rays (315–400nm) penetrate more deeply into the skin, causing premature ageing, photocarcinogenesis, and tan. UVA penetrates glass and is present year-round at broadly consistent levels. Both UVA and UVB contribute to skin cancer risk.

What Does SPF Mean?

Sun Protection Factor measures how much UVB radiation is blocked relative to unprotected skin. SPF 30 blocks approximately 97% of UVB; SPF 50 blocks approximately 98%. The difference seems small but over decades of cumulative exposure, it’s meaningful. Critically, SPF measures only UVB protection. Look for the UVA circle logo or “broad spectrum” labelling, which indicates UVA protection is also included (the PA+++ rating system gives more detail on UVA protection).

Mineral vs Chemical Sunscreen

Physical/mineral sunscreens contain zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide. They sit on the skin surface and reflect UV. Generally well tolerated by sensitive skin; often the choice for children and those with rosacea. Can leave a white cast on darker skin tones. Chemical sunscreens contain organic UV filters that absorb UV and convert it to heat. Generally more cosmetically elegant (no white cast), more water-resistant. Both types are safe and effective; choice comes down to preference and skin tolerance.

Choosing the Right SPF

  • Daily use — SPF 30 minimum, ideally combined with morning moisturiser or foundation
  • Outdoor activities / holidays — SPF 50+ with UVA protection, water-resistant
  • Children — SPF 50+, mineral formula preferred, reapply frequently
  • Lips — SPF lip balm; lips are highly susceptible to UV damage

Common Application Mistakes

Insufficient quantity: you need 2mg/cm² to achieve the labelled SPF — in practice, most people apply much less. A teaspoon for the face; a shot glass for the body. Missing areas: ears, back of neck, tops of feet, back of hands. Not reapplying: every 2 hours outdoors, and immediately after swimming or towelling dry.

Shop our Sun Protection range at Chemist 2 Customer. Related: Skincare Guide.